A Biorepository is a biological materials repository that collects, processes, stores, and distributes bio specimens to support future scientific investigation. Biorepositories can contain or manage specimens from animals, including humans, and many other living organisms. Vertebrates, invertebrates, arthropods, and other life-forms are just a few of the many classes of living organisms which can be studied by preserving and storing samples taken. The Biorepository assures the quality, and manages the accessibility and distribution/disposition of the bio specimens in its collection. There are a huge number of biorepositories in the United States, which shift broadly by size, the sort of biospecimen gathered, and reason. One of the biorepository's most elevated needs is ensuring the security and sacredness of individual and medicinal data. bio specimens are materials taken from the human body, for example, tissue, blood, plasma, and pee that can be utilized for growth determination and investigation. At the point when patients have a biopsy, surgery, or other methodology, regularly a little measure of the example evacuated can be put away and utilized for later research. Once these specimens have been legitimately prepared and put away they are known as human bio specimens. Specialists and scientists might break down biospecimen to search for signs of ailment in the contributor. Bio specimens can affirm whether a malady is available or truant in a specific patient; however they likewise give other data that might be valuable to the doctor or a specialist. Every example might contain DNA, proteins, and different particles essential for comprehension ailment movement.

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A process where cells, whole tissues, or any other substances susceptible to damage caused by chemical reactivity or time are preserved by cooling to sub-zero temperatures. At low enough temperatures, any enzymatic or chemical activity which might cause damage to the material in question is effectively stopped. Cryopreservation methods seek to reach low temperatures without causing additional damage caused by the formation of ice during freezing. Traditional cryopreservation has relied on coating the material to be frozen with a class of molecules termed cryoprotectants. New methods are constantly being investigated due to the inherent toxicity of many cryoprotectants. By default it should be considered that Cryopreservation alters/compromises the structure and function of cells unless it is proven otherwise for a particular cell population. Tissue and fluid preservation, also known as biobanking, biorepository science, or cryopreservation often referred to as cryobanking has become mainstream and big business. According to research by the British Broadcasting Corporation, the global biobanking market in 2010 was over $140 billion dollars, with a projected 30% increase by the year 2015 towards fostering biobanking initiatives.

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Increase in funding for these studies and research of stem cells would also trigger the growth of this market. In 2013, the government of Japan funded around USD 1.12 billion for stem cell studies. Moreover, advancement in technologies may also boost the growth of this market. Medical experts are becoming increasingly inclined towards the use of bioengineered products, which are more compatible with the human body. Increase in drug manufacturing through stem cells will also enhance the growth of this market. Recently, stem cells proved to be helpful in treating spinal muscular atrophy. It has been reported that in 2013, around 30,000 kids in the U.S. suffer from spinal muscular atrophy. Stem cell-based drugs would help in curing such complex diseases, which would again support the growth of this market.

Although most living organisms are composed of large amounts of water, it is not inevitable that freezing these organisms results in ice-formation. Among amphibians and insects that can tolerate freezing, there is wide variation in the amount of freezing they can tolerate. Species of frogs can spend days or weeks "with as much as 65 percent of their total body water as ice". Some amphibians achieve their protection due to the glycerol manufactured by their livers. Glycerol is "antifreeze", it reduces ice formation and lowers freezing point. Glycerol (glycerin), like ethylene glycol (automobile anti-freeze) is cryoprotectants. The sugar glucose is also cryoprotectants — and arctic frogs have a special form of insulin that accelerates glucose release and absorption into cells as temperatures approach freezing. Cryoprotectants can make water harden like glass — with no crystal formation — a process called Vitrification. Freezing-damage to cells is due to the formation of ice-crystals. Entire organs can be solidified and stored at temperatures as low as -140° C. Scientists are working on ways to reduce the toxicity of the cryoprotectants used to make water vitrify to allow banking of organs for transplantation. At Alcor, we are optimistic that the toxicity that still does occur with vitrification of human organs will be reversible with future molecular repair technology.

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Increase in funding for these studies and research of stem cells would also trigger the growth of this market. In 2013, the government of Japan funded around USD 1.12 billion for stem cell studies. Moreover, advancement in technologies may also boost the growth of this market. Medical experts are becoming increasingly inclined towards the use of bioengineered products, which are more compatible with the human body. Increase in drug manufacturing through stem cells will also enhance the growth of this market. Recently, stem cells proved to be helpful in treating spinal muscular atrophy. It has been reported that in 2013, around 30,000 kids in the U.S. suffer from spinal muscular atrophy. Stem cell-based drugs would help in curing such complex diseases, which would again support the growth of this market.

Biomedical investigators require high quality human tissue to support their research; thus, an important aspect of the provision of tissues by biorepositories is the assurance of high quality and consistency of processing specimens. This is best accomplished by a quality management system (QMS). The basis of a QMS program designed to aid biorepositories that want to improve their operations. In 1983, the UAB Tissue Collection and Biobanking Facility (TCBF) introduced a QMS program focused on providing solid tissues to support a wide range of research; this QMS included a quality control examination of the specific specimens provided for research. Similarly, the Division of Laboratory Sciences at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) introduced a QMS program for their laboratory analyses, focused primarily on bodily fluids. The authors of this article bring together the experience of the QMS programs at these two sites to facilitate the development or improvement of quality management systems of a wide range of biorepositories.

Ethical issues are commonly present in many aspects of Biobanking. The fact that Biobanks deal with human samples, invading an individual autonomy or limiting self-control, provokes a number of ethical issues. Who is actually competent to give informed consent and donate a sample? When individuals donate part of their body to a biobank, how is that human sample processed? Who is the owner of the sample? Who should decide how it should be used? Who has the right to know individual results of research? These and many more ethical dilemmas exist in the ethical framework of biobanks. With the recent rapid developments in biobanking, all of these issues are magnified with plenty of further new questions continuously arising. Ethical framework has been the most controversial issue in the domain of biobanking. Thus, it is not surprising that there is a substantial literature focusing on ethical dilemmas in biobanking, such as informed consent, privacy, protection, and returning of results to participants. For many years, researchers at CRB have provided constructive advice on how to deal with ethical aspects of research using human tissue material and personal data. For more than 80 years tissue has been derived from human bodies, stored, distributed and used for therapeutic, educational, forensic and research purposes as part of healthcare routine in most western countries.

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According to estimates from the World Bank, global healthcare spending increased at a CAGR of 6.97% from 2003 to 2013, from USD 3,786 Billion in 2003 to USD 7,427 Billion in 2013. In this period, public healthcare spending increased at a CAGR of 7.28%, from USD 2,198 Billion in 2003 to USD 4,440 Billion in 2013. This high growth rate, along with the substantial size of healthcare spending, will act as an important driver for biobanks, hospitals and gene banks, which are the major end-user segments of the biopreservation media & equipment market.

Biorepositories provide a resource for researchers to increase understanding of complex diseases. Studies such as the Lung Genomics Research Consortium (LGRC), a two-year project launched in October 2009, are going a step further than standard biobanking practices and characterizing the samples with their molecular makeup. The molecular data can then be mined along with the clinical data. Led by National Jewish Health and funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, a division of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the LGRC project consists of five institutions, including Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Collaborators in the project work with samples banked at the Lung Tissue Research Consortium (LTRC), which houses tissue samples and blood from lung disease sufferers, primarily chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), along with a rich set of clinical data from patients

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The biobanking market is poised for explosive growth if it can overcome the challenges of an adolescent industry. According to an August 2012 Infiniti Research report titled “Global Biobanking Market 2011-2015,” the biobanking market will increase 30 per cent from 2011 to 2015 to nearly $183 billion. Growth is being driven by an increase in population genetics studies, personalized medicine, and the use of genetic information in food safety, forensics, and disease surveillance.

Fertility preservation is the effort to help cancer patients retain their fertility, or ability to procreate. Research into how cancer affects reproductive health and preservation options are growing, sparked in part by the increase in the survival rate of cancer patients. The main methods of fertility preservation are ovarian protection by GnRH agonists, cryopreservation of ovarian tissue, eggs or sperm, or of embryos after in vitro fertilization. The patient may also choose to use egg or sperm from a donor by third party reproduction rather than having biological children.

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According to estimates from the World Bank, global healthcare spending increased at a CAGR of 6.97% from 2003 to 2013, from USD 3,786 Billion in 2003 to USD 7,427 Billion in 2013. In this period, public healthcare spending increased at a CAGR of 7.28%, from USD 2,198 Billion in 2003 to USD 4,440 Billion in 2013. This high growth rate, along with the substantial size of healthcare spending, will act as an important driver for biobanks, hospitals and gene banks, which are the major end-user segments of the biopreservation media & equipment market.

Stem cells contribute to innate healing and harbor a promising role for regenerative medicine. Stem cell banking through long-term storage of different stem cell platforms represents a fundamental source to preserve original features of stem cells for patient-specific clinical applications. Stem cell research and clinical translation constitute fundamental and indivisible modules catalyzed through biobanking activity, generating a return of investment.

The sequencing of the human genome, completed at the dawn of the twenty-first century, allows researchers to integrate new data on genetic risk factors with demographic and lifestyle data collected via modern communication technologies. The technical prerequisites now exist for merging these cascades of molecular genetic information, not only to national health registers, but also to epidemiology and clinical data. Long-term storage of biological materials and data is a critical component of any epidemiological or clinical study. In designing Biobanks, informatics plays a vital role for the handling of samples and data in a timely fashion. Biobank Informatics contains important elements concerning definition, structure, and standardization of information that has been gathered from a multitude of sources from population-based registries, biobanks, patient records, and from large-scale molecular measurements.

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The Germplasm Bank is committed to providing healthy and viable seed, as well as reliable information on the collections of maize and wheat genetic resources it preserves; carrying out the activities required for seed introduction, processing, conservation, and distribution; complying with international agreements and standards; and hiring qualified staff to ensure that the requirements of our clients are met. The Bank is thus committed to complying with ISO 9001:2008 and continually improving the effectiveness of the Quality Management System. The Global Plan of Action (GPA) for plant genetic resources for food and agriculture aims to promote the conservation, sustainable utilization, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits of plant genetic resources. It is designed to contribute to the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in the field of food and agriculture. The Plant Genetic Resource Center's specially designed vaults currently hold some 28,000 samples of maize and teosinte, a wild relative of maize, and 140,000 Triticeae samples, including bread wheat, durum wheat, and triticale (a man-made crop developed by crossing wheat with rye), with significant collections of barley, rye, and primitive and wild relatives of wheat. The Center also maintains a living collection of Tripsacum, a more distant maize relative.

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According to estimates from the World Bank, global healthcare spending increased at a CAGR of 6.97% from 2003 to 2013, from USD 3,786 Billion in 2003 to USD 7,427 Billion in 2013. In this period, public healthcare spending increased at a CAGR of 7.28%, from USD 2,198 Billion in 2003 to USD 4,440 Billion in 2013. This high growth rate, along with the substantial size of healthcare spending, will act as an important driver for biobanks, hospitals and gene banks, which are the major end-user segments of the biopreservation media & equipment market.